Part 15 (1/2)

VI

John the Baptist

24 On the character and work of John the Baptist see KeimJN II 201-266 and references in the index under John the Baptist Keim's is much the most satisfactory treatment; it is, moreover, Keim at his best See also Ewald, _Hist, of Israel_, VI 160-200; WeissLX I 307-316; FairbSLX 64-79; W A Stevens, Homil Rev 1891, II 163 ff; Bebb in HastBD II 677-680; Wellhausen _Isr u judische Geschichte_, 342f; Feather, _Last of the Prophets_ Reynolds, _John the Baptist_, obscures its excellencies by a vast amount of irrelevant discussion

25 On the existence of a separate company of disciples of John see Mk

ii 18, Mt ix 14, Lk v 33; Mk vi 29, Mt xiv 12; Mt xi 2f, Lk

vii 18f; Lk xi 1; Jn i 35f; iii 25; Ac xix 1-3 Consult Lightfoot, _Colossians_, 400 ff; Baldensperger, _Der Prolog des vierten Evangeliums_, 93-152

VII

The Messianic Call

26 On the baptism of Jesus see WendtTJ I 96-101; EdersLJM I 278-287; BaldSJ 219-229 WeissLX I 316-336 says that the baptism meant for Jesus, already conscious of his Messiahshi+p, ”the close of his for of one perfectly new” (322); KeimJN II 290-299 makes it an act of consecration, but eliminates the Voice and Dove; BeysLJ I 215-231 thinks that Jesus, conscious of no sin, yet not aware of his Messiahshi+p, sought the baptisuilt of his people on his heart, as if they were his own” (229) Against Beyschlag see E Haupt in Studien u Kritiken, 1887, 381 Baldensperger shows clearly that the Messianic call was a revelation to Jesus, not a conclusion fro

27 On the temptation see WendtTJ I 101-105; WeissLX I 337-354; EdersLJM I 299-307; FairbairnSLX 80-98; BaldSJ 230-236; BeysLJ I

231-237; KeimJN II 317-329 All these see in temptation the necessary result of the Messianic call at the baptism

28 The locality of the baptism of Jesus cannot be determined Tradition has fixed on one of the fords of the Jordan near Jericho, see SmithHGHL 496, note 1 On the probable location of Bethany (Bethabarah) (Jn i 28) see discussion in AndLOL 146-151; EnBib 548; and especially S of Jesus with the Holy Spirit see WeissLX I 323-336; BeysLJ I 230f For the influence of the Spirit in the later life of Jesus see Mk i 12; Mt iv 1; Lk iv 1; iv 14, 18, 21; Mk iii 29, 30; Mt

xii 28; Jn iii 34; compare Ac i 2; x 38 Clearly these refer not to the ethical and religious indwelling of the Divine Spirit (comp Rom i

4), but to the special equipment for official duty This is the OT sense, see Ex xxxi 2-5; Jud iii 10; I Sam xi 6; Isa xi 1f; xlii 1; lxi 1; and consult Schultz, _Old Test Theol_ II 202f Jesus see his divine nature

See GilbertLJ 121f

30 How this Messianic anointing is to be related to the doctrine of Jesus' essential divine nature cannot be deterotten, however, that it is a _datuy, and that it cannot be explained away It indicates one of the particulars in which Jesus was made like unto his brethren What was involved when the Son of God ”emptied himself and was made in the likeness of uely conceive Two views of early heretical sects seehtly to have been rejected The Docetic view, held by some Gnostics of the 2d cent, dates the incarnation frouishes Christ from the human Jesus, who only served as a vehicle for the manifestation of the Son of God; the Christ descended on Jesus at the baptisain to heaven from the cross, compare Mt iii 16 and xxvii 50 in the Greek; see Schaff _Hist of Xn Church_2, II 455f

The recently discovered Gospel of Peter presents this view, Gosp Pet -- 5 The Nestorian view represents that the baptism was, in a sense, Jesus'

”birth from above” (Jn iii 3, 5); thus the incarnation was first coos had been associated with Jesus fro See Schaff, _Hist, of Xn Church_2, III 717 ff; Conybeare, _History of Xmas_, Amer Jour Theol 1899, 1-21

31 The traditional locality of the temptation is a mountain near Jericho called _Quarantana_, see AndLOL 155; the tradition seems to date no further back than the crusades It is, however, probable that the ”wilderness” (Mt iv 1, Mk i 12, Lk iv 1) is the same wilderness mentioned in connection with John's earlier life and work (Mt iii 1, Mk

i 4), the region W and NW of the Dead Sea, see SmithHGHL 317 Others (Stanley, _Sinai and Palestine_, 308; EdersLJM I 300, 339 notes) hold that the teions SE of the sea of Galilee; this is possibly correct, though the record in the gospels suggests the wilderness of Judea On the source of the temptation story see WeissLX I 339 ff; BeysLJ I 234; Bacon, Bib Wld 1900, I 18-25

VIII

The First Disciples

32 SandayHastBD II 612f; GilbertLJ 144-157; WeissLX I 355-387; AndLOL 155-165; EdersLJM I 336-363; BeysLJ II 129-148 (assigns here a considerable part of the synoptic account of work in Capernauenuineness of the Baptist's testimony to ”the Lamb of God” see M Dods in _Expos Gk Test_ I 695f; Westcott, _Comm on John_, 20; EdersLJM 1 342 ff; WeissLX 1 362f (thinks the evangelist added ”who taketh away the sin of the world”); Holtzelist has put in the mouth of the Baptist a conception which was first current after the death of Jesus

On the confessions of Nathanael and the others, see Jour Bib Lit 1898, 21-30

34 _Cana_ is probably the ht miles N of Nazareth

A rival site is Kefr Kenna, three and one-half miles NE from Nazareth See EnBib and HastBD, also AndLOL 162-164