Part 17 (1/2)

John is probably correct The rebuke of Judas (Jn xii 4-8) was probably associated in the thought of the disciples with his later treachery; consequently the synoptists report the plot of Judas and this supper in close connection

72 _The Messianic entry into Jerusalearded by Reville as a surrender by Jesus of his lofty Messianic ideal in response to the teht says, ”Even if it had certainly been his wish to bring the kingdoradually, and with a healthy ress, as in Galilee, yetin the face of the irritability of his opponents, in the face of the powerfulhimthere remained but one chance,--reckless publicity, the conquest of the partially prepared nation byhis life upon the venture, but also believing that God h life or death” (JN V 100f)

73 _The question about the resurrection_ was probably a familiar Sadducean problem hich they made merry at the expense of the scribes On the resurrection in Jewish thought see Charles, _Eschatology, Hebreish, and Christian_, by index For the scepticism of the Sadducees see also Ac xxiii 8; Jos Wars, ii, 8 14

74 On the ”_great coical discourse presents serious exegetical difficulties

Many cut the knot by assu that Mk xiii and ?s contain a little Jewish apocalypse written shortly before the destruction of Jerusaleenuine predictions of Jesus concerning his second coy_, 323- 329; WendtLJ I 9-21; HoltzmannNtTH I 325 ff; and Bruce's criticism in _Expos Gk Test_ I

287f, also Sanday's note in HastBD II 635f

76 On _the relation of proselytes_ to Judaisue in heathen lands drew to itself by its anism But few of them, however, submitted to circumcision, and became thus proselytes Most of them constituted the class of ”them that fear God” to whom Paul constantly appealed in his apostolic mission The Greeks of Jn xii 20 ff were probably circumcised proselytes

77 On _Judas_ see Plummer in HastBD II 796 ff; EdersLJM II 471-478; WeissLX III 285-289; AndLOL by index De Quincey's essay on _Judas Iscariot_ is an elaborate defence

VII

The Last Supper

78 GilbertLJ 335-354; WeissLX III 273-318; EdersLJM II 479-532; AndLOL 450-497; KeimJN V 275-343; BeysLJ II 434-448; SandayHastBD II 633-638

79 _The day of the last supper_ John seems clearly to place it on the day before the Passover--13 Nisan See xiii I, 29; xviii 28; xix 14, 31, 42 Synoptists as clearly declare that the supper was prepared on the ”first day of unleavened bread, when they sacrificed the Passover” (Mk

xiv 12; see also Lk xxii 15); this is confirmed by the similarity between the Passover ritual as tradition has preserved it, and the course of events at the supper Unless interpretation can remove the contradiction, John must have the preference WeissLX III 273-282, BeysLJ II 390-399, accept John and correct the synoptists by him; thus the supper anticipated the Passover Some hold that John can be interpreted harmoniously with synoptists, and be shown to indicate that the supper was on the 14th Nisan So EdersLJM II 508, 566f, 612f; AndLOL 452-481; GilbertLJ 335-339 Others believe that a true interpretation of synoptists shows that in calling the last supper a Passover they correctly represent the character, but ument see Muirhead, _Times of Xt_, 163-169, and read SandayHastBD II 633-636 and his references The debate is still on, but the advantage seen the supper to the 13th and the crucifixion to the 14th Nisan

80 _Did Jesus institute a memorial sacrament_? Read SandayHastBD II

636-638, and Thayer, in Jour Bib Lit 1899, 110-131; see also McGiffert, _Apostolic Age_, 68 ff note; HoltzmannNtTh I 296-304

81 _The Passover ritual_ The order according to the rabbis was the following: the first cup of wine and water was taken by the leader, who gave thanks over it, and then it was shared by all (compare Lk xxii 17); then the head of the company washed his hands--Dr Edershei of the disciples' feet, which changed the ceremony from an act of distinction into one of huht on the table, then the leader dipped soar, spoke a blessing, and partook of them, then handed them to each of the company; then one of the loaves of unleavened bread was broken; after this a second cup was filled, and before it was drunk the significance of the Passover was explained by the leader in reply to a question by the youngest of the company, after which the first part of the Hallel (Ps cxiii, cxiv) was sung, and then the cup was drunk; then followed the supper itself beginning with ”the sop,”--a piece of the paschal laether and dipped in the vinegar,--which was passed around the coave to Judas); after the supper ca” (see I Cor x 16); then followed grace after meat; then a fourth cup, in connection hich the re (Ps cxv to cxviii), followed by certain other songs and prayers See EdersLJM II 496-512; AndLOL 488-494

82 _The washi+ng of the disciples' feet_ John (xiii 1-11) says this occurred ”during supper” (v 2), and before the designation of the traitor Luke (xxii 23-30) tells of a dispute about greatness a the disciples This dispute nment of places at table (compare Lk xiv 7 ff; Mk x 33-45); if so, the reason for the lesson in humility is apparent See AndLOL 482-484; EdersLJM II 492-503

83 _Did Jesus twice predict Peter's denials_? Mark (xiv 26-31) and Matthew (xxvi 30-35) place the prediction after the departure for Gethse the supper

AndLOL 494 ff thinks Peter arned twice, EdersLJM II 535-537 holds to one warning on the way to Gethsemane Antecedent probability favors this view

84 _Where in John should the institution of the sacrament be placed_?

Probably after the departure of Judas (Mark xiv 21f; Matt xxvi 26), thus not before xiii 30 The most likely place is between, verses 32 and 33 There is no break at this point, and it remains a mystery why John's account of the passion omitted this central feature of early Christian belief and practice The oainst apostolic authorshi+p, as a forger would not have ventured to disregard the leading service of the church in an account of the life of its Lord See Westcott, _Coement of the last discourses_ (xiii 31 to xvi 33) in our text of John see Spitta, _Urchristentum_, I 168-193; Bacon, Jour Bib Lit 1894, 64-76; Burton, Bib Wld 1899 I 32

VIII

The Shadow of the Cross

86 See GilbertLJ 354-384; AndLOL 497-588; WeissLX III 319-381; BeysLJ I

390-432, II 448-473; EdersLJM II 533-620; KeimJN VI 1-274; SandayHastBD II 632f