Part 2 (1/2)

A simple sentence consists of a verb, its subject, and its object The verb indicates the action, the subject is the noun (na) which does the act, the object is the noun to which the thing is done Verbs have forular Plural

1st I love 1st We love 2nd You love (thou lovest) 2nd You love forular Plural

1st I was 1st We were 2nd You were (thou wast) 2nd You were 3rd He was 3rd They were

Verbs agree with their subjects in person and number We all know this but we do not always remember it Unless you are very careful, you will find yourself using a singular subject with a plural verb or the reverse Mistakes of this sort are particularly liable to happen in the case of collective nouns, in the use of personal pronouns as subjects, and in cases where the subject and the verb are far separated in the sentence

Those for or is acted upon are called voices When the subject is acting the verb is said to be in the active voice When the subject is acted upon the verb is said to be in the passive voice Verbs in the passive voice have no objects because the subject, being acted upon, is itself in the place of an object

Those forms of the verb which tell whether the time of the action is past, present, or future, are called tenses They are six, viz

Present, I _print_ (_a_) the book

Past or imperfect, I _printed_ the book

Future, I _shall print_ the book

Perfect, or present perfect, I _have printed_ the book

Pluperfect or past perfect, I _had printed_ the book before you wrote

Future perfect, I will notify you when I _shall have printed_ the book

When adverbs denoting time are indicated care should be taken to see that the verb is consistent with the adverb ”I _printed_ it yesterday,”

not ”I _have printed_ it yesterday;” ”I _have not_ yet _printed_ it,”

not ”I _did_ not _print_ it yet;” ”I _have printed_ it already,” not ”I _printed_ it already”

Trouble is soht forms of the verb to be used in subordinate clauses The rule is:

Verbs in subordinate sentences and clauses overned by the tense of the principal verb

This rule rests on the exactof the forms and words used and its application can be checked by careful exas ”He _said_ he _did_ it” ”He _said_ he _would do_ it” ”He _says_ he _will_ do it”

Note that when the statement in the subordinate clause is of universal application the present tense is always used whatever the tense of the principal verb ”The lecturer said that eather always softens rollers”

Those forms of the verb which tell whether the action is an actual fact, a possibility, a condition, or a command are called moods

There are three moods, the indicative, subjunctive, and imperative

The indicative mood indicates that the action is a fact It is also used in asking questions