Part 8 (1/2)

Chapter 4 Powerful Thirst.

1. Mitch Weiss, aDrought Could Force Nuclear-Plant Shut-Downs,a a.s.sociated Press, January 24, 2008.[back]

2. Joan F. Kenny and others, aEstimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1344,a 2009, pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1344/.[back]

3. Ibid.[back]

4. Eric Pooley, The Climate War: True Believers, Power Brokers, and the Fight to Save the Earth (New York: Hyperion, 2010), 143.[back]

5. Benjamin K. Sovacool and Kelly E. Sovacool, aPreventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States,a Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 34, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 365.[back]

6. Robert F. Durden, Bold Entrepreneur: A Life of James B. Duke (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2003), 96.[back]

7. Ibid., 43 and 97.[back]

8. Ibid., 63.[back]

9. Duke Farms Foundation, aHydropower,a /.[back]

27. Baldwin, aDuke Makes Deal for Crescent.a[back]

28. The 785-million-gallon-per-day figure is from Dukeas filings with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, but the filing says it is more than 80 million gallons higher during times of drought, when Duke has to pump more to keep the river cooler, FERC doc.u.ment 20080801a”5227, 41.[back]

29. Duke Energy, aHow Do Coal-Fired Plants Work?,a /about-energy/generating-electricity/coal-fired-how.asp/.[back]

30. Victoria Morton, aElectric Power Plant Water Use in North Carolina: Forced Evaporation and Emission Controlsa (masteras project, Nichols School of the Environment, Duke University, 2010).[back]

31. U.S. Department of Energy, aEnergy Demands on Water Resources: Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy and Watera (December 2006), 30, ments-FINAL.pdf; and Sovacool and Sovacool, aPreventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States,a 360.[back]

32. State of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, aPermit to Discharge Wastewater Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System,a Permit # NC0004979, pg. 3.[back]

33. State of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Permit Notice, Allen Steam Station, April 28, 2010.[back]

34. John Downey, aDuke Energy, State Monitoring Lake Norman Fish Deaths,a Charlotte Observer, July 23, 2010.[back]

35. Sue Sturgis, aDisaster in East Tennessee,a Southern Exposure (Inst.i.tute for Southern Studies), May 2010, /index/display/article-display/0623439481/articles/electric-light-power/generation/2010/07/Duke_Energy_moving_into_new_corporate_headquarters.html.[back]

37. Pooley, The Climate War, 352.[back]

38. Democracy North Carolina, aSpecial-Interest PACS Guard Tax Loopholes,a research report, June 16, 2009, 4.[back]

39. Clive Thompson, aA Green Coal Baron?a New York Times Magazine, June 22, 2008.[back]

40. Jim Rogers, aWhy Nuclear Power Is Part of Our Future,a Wall Street Journal, August 4, 2009.[back]

41. Sovacool and Sovacool, aPreventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States,a 340.[back]

42. U.S. Energy Information Administration, aFrequently Asked Questions: Electricity,a ments-FINAL.pdf.[back]

44. Weiss, aDrought Could Force Nuclear-Plant Shut-Downs.a[back]

45. Dave Flessner, aHot River Forces Costly Cutback for TVA,a Chattanooga Times Free Press, August 23, 2010.[back]

46. Michael Hightower, aEnergy Securitya”Addressing the Water Footprint,a Ground Water 47, no. 6 (Novembera”December 2009): 765a”66.[back]