Part 6 (1/2)

DISTINCTION BETWEEN COLLEGIATE AND UNIVERSITY COURSES

Fro of the University until now a sharp distinction has been made between the iate instruction In the third annual report, September 1, 1878, the viehich had been announced at the opening of the University are expanded and are illustrated by the action of the Trustees and the Faculty during the first two years

The tered in this country that their significance is liable to be confounded; and it may be worth while, once more at least, to call attention to the distinction which is recognized ae is understood a place for the orderly training of youth in those ele which should underlie all liberal and professional culture The ordinary conclusion of a college course is the Bachelor's degree Usually, but not necessarily, the college provides for the ecclesiastical and religious as well as the intellectual training of its scholars Its schees, mathematics, and science, with compulsory attendance and frequent formal examinations, is the discipline to which each student is submitted This work is simple, methodical, and comparatively inexpensive It is understood and appreciated in every part of this country

In the university iven to those who have already received a college training or its equivalent, and who now desire to concentrate their attention upon special depart and research Libraries, laboratories, and apparatus require to be liberally provided and maintained The holders of professorial chairs ed to advance by positive researches the sciences to which they are devoted; and arrange before the criticisations Primarily, instruction is the duty of the professor in a university as it is in a college; but university students should be so mature and so well trained as to exact from their teachers the most advanced instruction, and even to quicken and inspire by their appreciative responses the new investigations which their professors undertake Such work is costly and complex; it varies with time, place, and teacher; it is always somewhat remote fronorant and thoughtless But it is by the influence of universities, with their comprehensive libraries, their costly instru associations and helpful criticisreat professors, indifferent to popular applause, superior to authoritative dicta, devoted to the discovery and revelation of truth, that knowledge has been promoted, and society released fronorance, ever since the revival of letters

In further exposition of these views, from men of different pursuits, reference should be es, by Professor Gildersleeve _(Princeton Review_, July, 1878), lately reprinted in the author's ”Essays and Studies,” (Baltimore, 1890); to an address by Professor Sylvester before the University on ”Mathematical Studies and University Life,” (February 22, 1877); to an address by Professor Martin on the study of Biology _(Popular Science Monthly,_ January, 1877); to some remarks on the study of Chemistry by Professor Remsen _(Popular Science Monthly,_ April, 1877); and to an address entitled ”A Plea for Pure Science” (Salem, 1883), by Professor Rowland, as a Vice-President of the Ah of a much later date, reference should also be made to an address by Professor Adams (February 22, 1889) on the work of the Johns Hopkins University, printed in the _Johns Hopkins University Circulars_, No 71 An address by Dr James Carey Thomas, one of the Trustees, at the tenth anniversary, in 1886, may also be consulted _(Ibid_ No 50) Reference may also be made to the fifteen annual reports of the University and to the articles below nae Courses in the Johns Hopkins University _(Andover Review,_ June, 1886); The Benefits which Society derives from Universities: Annual Address on Commemoration Day, 1885 _(Johns Hopkins University Circulars_, No 37); article on Universities in Lalor's _Cyclopaedia of Political Science_; an address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, July 1, 1886; an address at the opening of Bryn Mawr College, 1885

STUDENTS, COURSES OF STUDIES, AND DEGREES

In accordance with the plans thus formulated, the students have included those who have already taken an acadeed in advanced studies; those who have entered as candidates for the Bachelors' degree; and those who have pursued special courses without reference to degrees The whole nu the first fourteen years (1876-1890) is fifteen hundred and seventy-one Seven hundred and three persons have pursued undergraduate courses and nine hundred and two have followed graduate studies Many of those who entered as undergraduates have continued as graduates, and have proceeded to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy These students have come from nearly every State in the Union, and not a few of therees before coraduates of the principal institutions of this country The degree of Doctor of Philosophy has been awarded after three years or hty-four persons, and that of Bachelor of Arts to two hundred and fifty at the end of their collegiate course

Two degrees, and two only, have been opened to the students of this University Believing that the ree is conferred are confusing the public, and that they tend to lessen the respect for academic titles, the authorities of the Johns Hopkins University deteriate courses the title of Bachelor of Arts This degree is intended to indicate that its possessor has received a liberal education, or in other words that he has coed and systees, mathematics, sciences, history, and philosophy have been included The amount of ti to individual needs and preference, but all the combinations are supposed to be equally difficult and honorable Seven such coed, and ”the group systees of the elective systees of a fixed curriculumade this determination he is expected to follow the sequence prescribed for him by his teachers He ive decided preference to roup of studies, antecedent to the studies of a medical school; or he may pursue a scientific course in which chemistry predominates; or he may lay a foundation for the profession of law by the study of history and political science; or he es the preference accorded in the first group to the ancient classics Inthe career of an undergraduate, he has the counsel of some member of the faculty who is called his adviser

While each course has its predominant studies, each comprises in addition the study of French and German, and at least one branch of science, usually cheree of Doctor of Philosophy is offered to those who continue their studies in a university for three years or ree Their attention iven to studies which are included in the faculty of philosophy and the liberal arts, and not to the professional faculties of Law, Medicine, and Theology Students who have graduated in other institutions of repute ree In addition to the requirements above mentioned, the student must show his proficiency in one principal subject and in two that are secondary, and id examinations, first written and then oral He ain the approval of the special committee to which it may be referred, and must subsequently be printed All these requisitions are enforced by a faculty which is known as the Board of University Studies

As an encouragement to the systeree of Doctor of Philosophy in this University is offered under the following conditions

A Board of University Studies is constituted for the purpose of guiding the work of those who ree The time of study is a period of at least three years of distinctive university work in the philosophical Faculty It is desirable that the student accepted as a candidate should reside here continuously until his final examinations are passed, and he is required to spend the last year before he is graduated in definite courses of study at this University

Before he can be accepted as a candidate, he iate education, that he has a reading knowledge of French and Gerood command of literary expression He must also name his principal subject of study and the two subordinate subjects

The Board reserves the right to say in each case whether the antecedent training has been satisfactory, and, if any of the years of advanced work have been passed by the candidate away froarded as spent in university studies under suitable guidance and favorable conditions Such studies must have been pursued without serious distractions and under qualified teachers

Private study, or study pursued at a distance from libraries and laboratories and other facilities, will not be considered as equivalent to university study

In the conditions which are stated below, it will appear that there are several tests of the proficiency of the candidate, in addition to the constant observation of his instructors A carefully prepared thesis must be presented by the candidate on a subject approved by his chief adviser, and this thesis must receive the approbation of the Board

There are private examinations of the candidate, both in his chief subject and in the subordinate subjects If these tests are successfully passed, there is a final oral examination in the presence of the Board

As an indication of the possible co for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, the following schedule is presented:

Physics, Mathey, and Chey; Mathematics, Astronomy, and Physics; Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin; History, Political Economy, and International Law; Greek, Sanskrit, and Latin; French, Italian and Spanish, and German; Latin, Sanskrit, and Roy, Ethiopic and Arabic, and Greek; Political Econolish, Gerraphy, Mineralogy, and Chey, Chelish; Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit; Gered to proceed to acaderees, the authorities have always borne in mind the needs of those who could not, for one reason or another, remain in the university for ht wish to prosecute their studies in a particular direction without any reference to academic honors Such students have always been welcoh to know their own requirements and to follow their chosen courses, without the incentive of examinations and diplomas

PUBLICATIONS, SEMINARIES, SOCIETIES

The Johns Hopkins University has encouraged publication In addition to the annual Register or Catalogue, the report of the President is annually published, and fro the year ”Circulars”

are printed, in which the progress of investigations, the proceedings of societies, reports of lectures, and the appearance of books and essays are recorded Encourageiven by the Trustees to the publication of literary and scientific periodicals and occasionally of learned essays and books The journals regularly issued are: