Part 8 (1/2)

[2] For example, Pierre, Cardinal of St. Chryzogone and former Bishop of Meaux, who in a single election refused the dazzling offer of five hundred silver marks. Alexander III., Migne's edition, _epist._ 395.

[3] _Fasciculus rerum expetend. et fugiend._, t. ii., 7, pp.

254, 255 (Brown, 1690).

[4] John of Salisbury, _Policrat._ Migne, v. 15.

[5] Among their sources of revenue we find the right of _collagium_, by payment of which clerics acquired the right to keep a concubine. Pierre le Chantre, _Verb. abbrev._, 24.

[6] Vide _Carmina Burana_, Breslau, 8vo, 1883; Political Songs of England, published by Th. Wright, London, 8vo, 1893; _Poesies populaires latines du moyen age_, du Meril, Paris, 1847. See also Raynouard, _Lexique roman_, i., 446, 451, 464, the fine poems of the troubadour Pierre Cardinal, contemporary of St.

Francis, upon the woes of the Church, and Dante, _Inferno_, xix.

If one would gain an idea of what the bishop of a small city in those days cost his flock, he has only to read the bull of February 12, 1219, _Justis petentium_, addressed by Honorius III. to the Bishop of Terni, and including the contract by which the inhabitants of that city settled the revenues of the episcopal see. Horoy, t. iii., col. 114, or the _Bullarium romanum_, t. iii., p. 348, Turin.

[7] _Conosco sacerdoti che fanno gli usura per formare un patrimonio da lasciare ai loro spurii; altri che tengono osteria coll' insegna del collare e vendono vino_ ... Salimbene, Cantarelli, Parma, 1882, 2 vols., 8vo, ii., p. 307.

[8] Vide _Brevis historia Prior._ _Grandimont.--Stephani Tornacensis._ Epist. 115, 152, 153, 156, 162; Honorius III., Horoy's edition, lib. i., 280, 284, 286-288; ii., 12, 130, 136, 383-387.

[9] Guerard, _Cartulaire de N. D. de Paris_, t. i., p. cxi; t.

ii., p. 406. Cf. Honorius III., Bull _Inter statuta_ of July 25, 1223, Horoy, t. iv., col. 401. See also canon 23 of the Council of Beziers, 1233; Guibert de Gemblours, _epist._ 5 and 6 (Migne); Honorius III., lib. ix., 32, 81; ii., 193; iv., 10; iii., 253 and 258; iv., 33, 27, 70, 144; v., 56, 291, 420, 430; vi., 214, 132, 139, 204; vii., 127; ix., 51.

[10] Vide Bull _Postquam vocante Domino_ of July 11, 1206.

Potthast 2840.

[11] V. _Annales Stadenses_ [_Monumenta Germaniae historica, Scriptorum_, t. 16], _ad ann. 1237_. Among the comprehensive pictures of the situation of the Church in the thirteenth century, there is none more interesting than that left us by the Cardinal Jacques de Vitry in his _Historia occidentalis: Libri duo quorum prior Orientalis, alter Occidentalis historiae nomine inscribitur Duaci_, 1597, 16mo. pp. 259-480.

[12] V. Honorius III., Horoy's edition, lib. i., ep. 109, 125, 135, 206, 273; ii., 128, 164; iv., 120, etc.

[13] _Dialogus miraculorum_ of Cesar of Heisterbach [Strange's edition, Cologne, 1851, 2 vols., 8vo], t. ii., pp. 255 and 125.

This book, with the Golden Legend of Giacomo di Varaggio, gives the best idea of the state of religious thought in the thirteenth century.

[14] _Recueil des historiens de France._ Bouquet, t. xii., pp.

550, 551.

[15] Bonacorsi: _Vitae haereticorum_ [d'Achery, _Spicilegium_, t.

i., p. 215] Cf. Lucius III., epist. 171, Migne.

[16] Vide Bernard Gui, _Practica inquisitionis_, Douai edition, 4to, Paris, 1886 p. 244 ff., and especially the Vatican MS., 2548, folio 71.

[17] A chronicle of St. Francis's time makes this same comparison: Burchard, Abbot of Urspurg ([Cross] 1226) [_Burchardi et Cuonradi chronicon. Monum. Germ. hist. Script._, t. 23], has left us an account of the approbation of Francis by the Pope, all the more precious for being that of a contemporary. _Loc.

cit._, p. 376.

[18] _De nugis Curialium_, Dist. 1, cap. 31, p. 64, Wright's edition. Cf. _Chronique de Laon_, Bouquet xiii., p. 680.

[19] See, for example, the letter of the Italian branch of the Poor Men of Lyons [_Pauperos Lombardi_] to their brethren of Germany, there called Leonistes. In it they show the points in which they are not in harmony with the French Waldenses.

Published by Preger: _Abhandlungen der K. bayer. Akademie der Wiss. Hist. Cl._, t. xiii., 1875, p. 19 ff.

[20] These continual journeyings sometimes gained for them the name of _Pa.s.sagieni_, as in the south of France the preachers of certain sects are to-day called _Courriers_. The term, however, specially designates a Judaizing sect who returned to the literal observation of the Mosaic law: Dollinger, _Beitrage_, t.

ii., pp. 327 and 375. They should therefore be identified with the _Circonsisi_ of the const.i.tution of Frederic II.