Part 45 (2/2)
But Bollandus and Ruinart give them genuine.
A.D. 304
THE emperor Dioclesian had commanded all Christians, under pain of death, to deliver up the holy scriptures to be burnt. This persecution had raged a whole year in Africa; some had betrayed the cause of religion, but many more had defended it with their blood, when these saints were apprehended. Abitina, a city of the proconsular province of Africa, was the theatre of their triumph. Saturninus, priest of that city, celebrated the divine mysteries on a Sunday, in the house of Octavius Felix. The magistrates having notice of it, came with a troop of soldiers, and seized forty-nine persons of both s.e.xes. The princ.i.p.al among them were the priest Saturninus, with his four children, viz.: young Saturninus and Felix, both Lectors, Mary, who had consecrated her virginity to G.o.d, and Hilaria.n.u.s, yet a child; also, Dativus, a n.o.ble senator, Ampelius, Rogatia.n.u.s, and Victoria. Dativus, the ornament of the senate of Abitina, whom G.o.d destined to be one of the princ.i.p.al senators of heaven, marched at the head of this holy troop. Saturninus walked by his side, surrounded by his ill.u.s.trious family. The others followed in silence. Being brought before the magistrates, they confessed Jesus Christ so resolutely, that their very judges applauded their courage, which repaired the infamous sacrilege committed there a little before by Funda.n.u.s, the bishop of Abitina, who in that same place had given up to the magistrates the sacred books to be burnt: but a violent shower suddenly falling, put out the fire, and a prodigious hail ravaged the whole country.
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The confessors were shackled and sent to Carthage, the residence of the proconsul. They rejoiced to see themselves in chains for Christ, and sung hymns and canticles during their whole journey to Carthage, praising and thanking G.o.d. The proconsul, Anulinus, addressing himself first to Dativus, asked him of what condition he was, and if he had a.s.sisted at the collect or a.s.sembly of the Christians. He answered, that he was a Christian, and had been present at it. The proconsul bid him discover who presided, and in whose house those religious a.s.semblies were held: but without waiting for his answer, commanded him to be put on the rack and torn with iron hooks, to oblige him to a discovery. They underwent severally the tortures of the rack, iron hooks, and cudgels.
The weaker s.e.x fought no less gloriously, particularly the ill.u.s.trious Victoria; who, being converted to Christ in her tender years, had signified a desire of leading a single life, which her pagan parents would not agree to, having promised her in marriage to a rich young n.o.bleman. Victoria, on the day appointed for the wedding, full of confidence in the protection of Him, whom she had chosen for the only spouse of her soul, leaped out of a window, and was miraculously preserved from hurt. Having made her escape, she took shelter in a church; after which she consecrated her virginity to G.o.d, with the ceremonies then used on such occasions at Carthage, in Italy, Gaul, and all over the West.[1] To the crown of virginity, she earnestly desired to join that of martyrdom. The proconsul, on account of her quality, and for the sake of her brother, a pagan, tried all means to prevail with her to renounce her faith. He inquired what was her religion. Her answer was: ”I am a Christian.” Her brother, Fortunatia.n.u.s, undertook her defence, and endeavored to prove her lunatic. The saint, fearing his plea might be the means of her losing the crown of martyrdom, made it appear by her wise confutations of it, that she was in her perfect senses, and protested that she had not been brought over to Christianity against her will. The proconsul asked her if she would return with her brother? She said: ”She could not, being a Christian, and acknowledging none as brethren but those who kept the law of G.o.d.” The proconsul then laid aside the quality of judge to become her humble suppliant, and entreated her not to throw away her life. But she rejected his entreaties with disdain, and said to him: ”I have already told you my mind. I am a Christian, and I a.s.sisted at the collect.” Anulinus, provoked at this constancy, rea.s.sumed his rage, and ordered her to prison with the rest, to wait the sentence of death which he not long after p.r.o.nounced upon them all.
The proconsul would yet try to gain Hilaria.n.u.s, Saturninus's youngest son, not doubting to vanquish one of his tender age. But the child showed more contempt than fear of the tyrant's threats, and answered his interrogatories: ”I am a Christian: I have been at the collect, and it was of my own voluntary choice, without any compulsion.” The proconsul threatened him with those little punishments with which children are accustomed to be chastised, little knowing that G.o.d himself fights in his martyrs. The child only laughed at him. The governor then said to him: ”I will cut off your nose and ears.” Hilaria.n.u.s replied: ”You may do it; but I am a Christian.” The proconsul, dissembling his confusion, ordered him to prison. Upon which the child said: ”Lord, I give thee thanks.” These martyrs ended their lives under the hards.h.i.+ps of their confinement, and are honored in the ancient calendar of Carthage, and the Roman Martyrology, on the 11th of February, though only two (of the name of Felix) died on that day of their wounds.
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The example of these martyrs condemns the sloth with which many Christians in this age celebrate the Lord's Day. When the judge asked them, how they durst presume to hold their a.s.sembly against the imperial orders, they always repeated, even on the rack: ”The obligation of the Sunday is indispensable. It is not lawful for us to omit the duty of that day. We celebrated it as well as we could. We never pa.s.sed a Sunday without meeting at our a.s.sembly. We will keep the commandments of G.o.d at the expense of our lives.” No dangers nor torments could deter them from this duty. A rare example of fervor in keeping that holy precept, from which too many, upon lame pretences, seek to excuse themselves. As the Jew was known by the religious observance of the Sabbath, so is the true Christian by his manner of celebrating the Sunday. And as our law is more holy and more perfect than the Jewish, so must be our manner of sanctifying the Lord's Day. This is the proof of our religion, and of our piety towards G.o.d. The primitive Christians kept this day in the most holy manner, a.s.sembling to public prayer in dens and caves, knowing that, ”without this religious observance, a man cannot be a Christian,”
to use the expression of an ancient father.
Footnotes: 1. These were, by laying her head on the altar to offer it to G.o.d, and all her life after wearing her hair long as the ancient Nazarenes did: (Act. p. 417. St. Optatas, l. 6. S. Ambr. ad Virg. c. 8.) Whereas the ceremony of this consecration in Egypt and Syria was for the virgin to cut off her hair in the presence of a priest.
(Bulteau, Hist. Mon. p. 170.)
ST. SEVERINUS, ABBOT OF AGAUNUM.
From his ancient short life, in Mabillon App. Saec. l. Ben. The additions in Surius and Bollandus are too modern. See Chatelain, Notes on the Martyrol., p. 618.
A.D. 507.
ST. SEVERINUS, of a n.o.ble family in Burgundy, was educated in the Catholic faith, at a time when the Arian heresy reigned in that country.
He forsook the world in his youth, and dedicated himself to G.o.d in the monastery of Agaunum, which then only consisted of scattered cells, till the Catholic king Sigismund, son and successor to the Arian Gondebald, who then reigned in Burgundy, built there the great abbey of St.
Maurice. St. Severinus was the holy abbot of that place, and had governed his community many years in the exercise of penance and charity, when, in 504, Clovis, the first Christian kin; of France, lying ill of a fever, which his physicians had for two years ineffectually endeavored to remove, sent his chamberlain to conduct him to court; for he heard how the sick from all parts recovered their health by his prayers. St. Severinus took leave of his monks, telling them he should never see them more in this world. On his journey he healed Eulalius, bishop of Nevers, who had been for some time deaf and dumb, also a leper at the gates of Paris; and coming to the palace, he immediately restored the king to perfect health, by putting on him his own cloak. The king in grat.i.tude distributed large alms to the poor, and released all his prisoners.[1] St. Severinus returning towards Agaunum, stopped at Chateau-Landon, in Gatinois, where two priests served G.o.d in a solitary chapel, among whom he was admitted, at his request, as a stranger, and was soon greatly admired by them for his sanct.i.ty. He foresaw his death, which happened shortly after, in 507. The place is now an abbey of reformed canons regular of St. Austin. The Huguenots scattered the greatest part of his relics, when they plundered this church. He is mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, and a large parish in Paris takes its name from this saint, not from the hermit who was St. Cloud's master.
Footnotes: 1. {Footnote not in text} See Le Boeuf, Hist. du Diocese de Paris, t.
1, p. 151, 157, and Le Fevre, Calend. Hist de Paris, p. 40{}.
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THE EMPRESS THEODORA.
WHOM THE GREEKS RANK AMONG THE SAINTS.
BY her mildness and patience she often softened the cruel temper of her brutish husband, Theophilus, and protected the defenders of holy images from the fury of his persecution. Being left by his death regent of the empire during the minority of her son, Michael III., she put an end to the Iconoclast heresy, one hundred and twenty years after the first establishment of it by Leo the Isaurian: and the patriarch Methodius with great solemnity restored holy images in the great church in Constantinople, on the first Sunday of Lent, which we call the second, of which event the Greeks make an annual commemoration, calling it the feast of Orthodoxy. After she had governed the empire with great glory twelve years, she was banished by her unnatural son and his impious uncle, Bardas. She prepared herself for death by spending the last eight years of her life in a monastery, where she gave up her soul to G.o.d in 867. She is ranked among the saints in the Menology of the emperor Basil, in the Menaea, and other calendars of the Greeks. See the compilations of Bollandus from the authors of the Byzantine history.
FEBRUARY XII.
ST. BENEDICT, OF ANIAN, ABBOT.
From his life, written with great piety, gravity, and erudition, by St.
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