Part 51 (1/2)

[332] _Ibid._, p. 347.

[333] L. Caetani, _Annali dell' Islam_, vol. i, p. 389.

[334] Noldeke, _Geschichte des Qorans_, p. 122.

[335] Translated by E. H. Palmer.

[336] Ibn Hisham, p. 341, l. 5.

[337] _Mu?ammad's Gemeindeordnung von Medina in Skizzen und Vorarbeiten_, Heft IV, p. 67 sqq.

[338] Ibn Hisham, p. 763, l. 12.

[339] Koran, ii, 256, translated by E. H. Palmer.

[340] _Muhamm. Studien_, Part I, p. 12.

[341] See Goldziher's introductory chapter ent.i.tled _Muruwwa und Din_ (_ibid._, pp. 1-39).

[342] Bay?awi on Koran, xxii, 11.

[343] _Die Berufung Mohammed's_, by M. J. de Goeje in _Noldeke-Festschrift_ (Giessen, 1906), vol. i, p. 5.

[344] _On the _Origin and Import of the Names Muslim and ?anif_ (_J.R.A.S._ for 1903, p. 491)

[345] See T. W. Arnold's _The Preaching of Islam_, p. 23 seq., where several pa.s.sages of like import are collected.

[346] Noldeke, _Sketches from Eastern History_, translated by J. S.

Black, p. 73.

[347] See Professor Browne's _Literary History of Persia_, vol. i, p.

200 sqq.

[348] ?abari, i, 2729, l. 15 sqq.

[349] _Ibid._, i, 2736, l. 5 sqq. The words in italics are quoted from Koran, xxviii, 26, where they are applied to Moses.

[350] 'Umar was the first to a.s.sume this t.i.tle (_Amiru 'l-Mu'minin_), by which the Caliphs after him were generally addressed.

[351] ?abari, i, 2738, 7 sqq.

[352] _Ibid._, i, 2739, 4 sqq.

[353] _Ibid._, i, 2737, 4 sqq.

[354] It is explained that 'Umar prohibited lamps because rats used to take the lighted wick and set fire to the house-roofs, which at that time were made of palm-branches.

[355] ?abari, i, 2742, 13 sqq.

[356] _Ibid._, i, 2745, 15 sqq.